Slumdog Millionaire: Human Trafficking & Globalization

The film, "Slumdog Millionaire," pulls back the curtain on India’s sex slave industry. In one poignant scene, the supporting character Latika is depicted as being trafficked into the sex slave industry; she is taught courtesan skills with the intention of being sold to the highest bidder for her coveted virginity. According to Indian native Dr. Joseph De’souza, this film “highlighted the non-shiny part of India. Far from exploiting poverty, these are stories about India that demand a global response – especially for the sake of the children. This is the India of 80% of the population – the India of the slums, the outcasts, the exploited, and of abject poverty. The India where Dalit, tribal, and poor children are sold into the sex trade” (De’souza). "Slumdog Millionaire" exposes the travesty of human trafficking, a criminal economy accelerated by globalization.

Louise Brown’s "Sex Slaves: the trafficking of women In Asia" discusses the global socioeconomic conditions which cultivate human trafficking. According to Brown, the first large-scale commercial trafficking involved Chinese women who were sold to brothels in Malaya, Singapore, and Siam (modern-day Thailand) for the sexual servicing of unaccompanied Chinese male migrant laborers (Brown).

In World War II, Japan gained notoriety for its recruitment of 100,000 girls and young women, mainly Korean, for use as prostitutes servicing military personnel at a rate of seventy soldiers a day. Many of these so-called “comfort women” either committed suicide or were murdered when it became evident that Japan was losing the war. During the Vietnam War in the 1960s, American soldiers were sent to Thailand for Rest and Recuperation, generating Thailand’s substantial sex industry (Brown).

Today, Thailand’s sex industry is unofficial partners with its country’s tourism industry in advertising to Western businessmen, who come flocking by the thousands every year. Girls as young as eight are sold into human trafficking by impoverished guardians; they are imprisoned in closed brothels until they are old enough to walk the streets discreetly. Though officially illegal, Thailand’s government condones human trafficking, as tourism accounts for six percent of the country’s economy (Brown).

According to the Not For Sale campaign, a coalition of members seeking to end global slave trade, 27 million people are enslaved today. Human trafficking is the third largest criminal economy after drugs and arms (Thompson). In accordance with United Nations protocol, sociologist Gail Kligman defined human trafficking as:

"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs" (Kligman).

According to professor Donna Hughes, there are three components to the sex slave industry. The first component is the buyers, that is, the men who pay for sex acts. According to professor Hughes, “Men create the demand; women are the supply” (Hughes). The second component is the profiteers, which are comprised of the traffickers, pimps, brothel owners, mafias, and corrupt officials. The third component of the sex slave industry is the culture, that is, the romanticization and glamorization of prostitution and pimping in Hollywood cinema (Hughes). The global influence of Hollywood cinema corroborates this claim.

Compelling research suggests that globalization is a major contributing factor to the prevalence of human trafficking. Author and advocate for human rights, Stephanie Limoncelli, states that, “In the last decade, human trafficking has emerged as a new area of research for sociologists and other scholars across a wide range of fields. Globalization has exacerbated the illicit trade of people and their parts within and across territorial borders, generating concern among activists and academics" (Limoncelli). Today, those activists and academics are speaking out.

Globalization is a major contributing factor to the prevalence of human trafficking because it “has resulted in an unprecedented flow of capital, goods and services, and labor into every continent and nearly every country in the world” (Jones et al.). Human trafficking is considered to be a “violation of basic human rights that is aptly viewed as a modern form of slavery” (Jones et al.). Human trafficking represents “perhaps the worst form of labor exploitation and can be regarded as one of the dark sides of globalization” (Jones et al.). Trafficked victims are “among the most vulnerable and exploited individuals in the new global economy that spawned this phenomenon” (Jones et al.).

As illustrated in "Slumdog Millioniare," the weakest individuals, most prominently children, become the object of victimization. According to journalist Richard Gunde, “Globalization has brought with it opportunities for the weak, poor, and disposed – as well as for criminals. It can be a force for liberation – as well as for enslavement. It can be measured by the flow of goods, services, and capital – as well as humans” (Gunde). Gail Kligman suggests that both urban and rural poverty are the key markers for potential victims. Kligman notes that the “trafficking of persons for the sex trade is an expanding feature of the global service economy” (Kligman). As globalization continues to expand in the 21st century, will human trafficking know no end?

Works Cited
Brown, Louise. "Sex Slaves: the trafficking of women in Asia." Bangkok: Virago Press, 2000. Print.
De'souza, Joseph. "Slumdog Millionaire's India: My Sobering Reality." Sojourners. Jan. 23 2009. Web.
Gunde, Richard. "The Dark Side of Globalization: Trafficking & Transborder Crime to, through, and from Europe." UCLA International Institute. May 26 2004. Web.
Jones, Lorid et al. "Globalization and human trafficking." Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare. June 2007. Web.
Kligman, Gail. "The Dark Side of Globalization: Trafficking & Transborder Crime to, through, and from Europe." UCLA International Institute. May 26 2004. Web.
Limoncelli, Stephanie. "Human Trafficking: Globalization, Exploitation, and Transnational Sociology." Sociology Compass. December 2008. Web.
Thompson, Emma. "Human Trafficking & Globalization." The Human Trafficking Project. Feb. 19, 2008. Web.

Poem Revision #2: Beneath the Canapy

Remember when you said it was a forest during rainfall?
I was there:
The liquid crystals streaming down my face,
Drowning the remnants of a mask.
The trees:
Intertwining giants encircling me,
Locking me within a twilight catacomb of fear.
Do you remember?
Thunder:
Erupting in the distance,
Stretching over the miles that divided us,
Connecting us.
Blazing bolts of lightning:
Illuminating my Hell,
Sent your image elevating to the skys,
Streaking your eyes across the heavens.
It was ecstasy,
Until lightning passed,
Sending darkness to return in a bout of furry,
Losing you.
I remember.
Do you?

Poem Revision #1: Blank

Void of oneself
Trapped within an unsurpassed measure of conscience
Lingering footsteps
Embracing the obstruct ruins fortified by man
Shadow of inconsonance
Haunting a temporary existence detached from reality
Overwhelming, inert
Locked within a concentrated state of comatose
Blank.

Globalization & Human Trafficking

"Human Trafficking is the 2nd largest and fastest growing criminal industry in the world."
"Globalization has vastly increased human trafficking over the past decade."
"It is estimated that there are at least 30 MILLION victims of human trafficking in the world today."
"With the spread of globalization, what once was an illegal organization has transformed into an illegal INDUSTRY."
"According to the United Nation's Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking, this crime was virtually unknown until the 1990s."
Globalization is "the economies of countries all over the world connected through trade, outsourcing, and foreign investments."
"The ability to communicate, plan, and transport has allowed illegal enterprises to expand on a scale never seen before."

You can take the child out of the slums, but you can't take the slum mentality out of the child's life

Rafiq Qureshi, father of "Slumdog Millionaire" child actress Rubina Ali, was caught putting his daughter up for SALE for 200,000 rupees. According to Rafiq, Hollywood left him no better option: "I have to consider what's best for me, my family and Rubina's future. We've got nothing out of this film." That is true to a certain extent. Producers of "Slumdog Millionaire" found it in the child's best interest to withhold 30,000 rupees for when she turns 18, as long as she stays in school. The father also gets 6,500 rupees a month (a blue-collar wage), though he argues it's not enough. The producers of the blockbuster film are essentially being criticized for safeguarding Rubina's future from money-grubbing parents. Unfortunately, as this video entails, human trafficking abounds in India. Tragic.

World Text Analysis Essay: Rough Draft

The film, Slumdog Millionaire, pulls back the curtain on India’s sex slave industry. The supporting character, Latika, is depicted as being trafficked into the sex slave industry, being trained like a courtesan with the intention of being sold to the top bidder for her prized virginity. According to Indian native Dr. Joseph De’souza, this film, “[H]ighlighted the non-shiny part of India. Far from exploiting poverty, these are stories about India that demand a global response – especially for the sake of the children. This is the India of 80% of the population – the India of the slums, the outcasts, the exploited, and of abject poverty. The India where Dalit, tribal, and poor children are sold into the sex trade.” According to the Not For Sale Campaign, 27 million people are enslaved today.

Louise Brown’s Sex Slaves: the trafficking of women In Asia discusses the socioeconomic conditions of Asia which cultivates human trafficking. According to Brown, the first large-scale commercial trafficking involved Chinese women who were sold to brothels in Malaya, Singapore, and Siam (modern-day Thailand) for the sexual servicing of unaccompanied Chinese male migrant laborers. In World War II, Japan gained notoriety for its recruitment of 100,000 girls and young women, mainly Korean, for use as prostitutes servicing military personnel at a rate of seventy soldiers a day. Many of these so-called “comfort women” either committed suicide or were murdered when it became evident that Japan was losing the war. During the Vietnam War in the 1960s, American soldiers were sent to Thailand for Rest and Recuperation, generating Thailand’s substantial sex industry. Today, Thailand’s sex industry is unofficial partners with its country’s tourism industry in advertising to Western businessmen, who come flocking by the thousands every year. Girls as young as eight are sold into human trafficking by impoverished guardians, imprisoned in closed brothels until they are old enough to walk the streets discreetly. Though officially illegal, Thailand’s government condones human trafficking, as tourism accounts for six percent of the country’s economy.

Christopher Walken reading "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe

Flying Japan [haiku]

Cherry blossoms bloom
Swell, disperse, take flight midst stars
Moonlight floating pearls

Poem #2: encumberment [iambic tetrameter]

Please tell me something you don't know
of when or why, which way to go
For vast are climbing twists and turns
of lives yet lived, of lessons learned
And since we've yet to see it through
Please tell me anything (save truth)

Poem #1: Mine, Autopsy [analogy poem, free verse]

A remnant of your truth revives
It resurrects receding tides
of flinching heartbeats mid twilight
Incisions/ Hollowed through/ Respite
Not soon enough methinks! and yet-
Like rigor mortis
it revives

"When You Are Old"

"When You Are Old," Out With the New

Pop culture today would lead you to believe that love is like a fairytale; a handsome prince falls in love at first sight of a beautiful princess and they live happily ever after. Sound familiar? Western culture demonstrates behaviors that reinforce this notion. Girls play dress-up in gowns and crowns, wear mommy’s make-up and heels, and dream bubble-gum pink fantasies of their gallant prince. Disney movies portray time and time again the ‘beautiful princess,’ stereotyping that a woman’s value is determined by her beauty. Chick flicks follow the same formulaic plot: man falls in love with beautiful woman, conflict ensues, conflict is resolved, and they are once again reunited forever, the end. The pitfall of this pop culture love fest is that it fails to look past superficial beauty while refusing to address mortality in its equation. In his poem, “When You Are Old,” William Butler Yeats breaks this mold.

This poem is presumably autobiographical, addressing Irish revolutionary Maud Gonne, the unrequited lover of Yeats who married another man; Gonne was a source of inspiration for many of Yeats’ poems (Academy of American Poets). Rather than addressing the subject of the poem in her present youth, the speaker addresses his lover in her projected old age. The first two verses illustrate her elderly transformation near death, sitting by a fire sleeping. The speaker then prods his subject to reminisce upon her youth, a time when her eyes were soft and deep before they were hardened with age.

The speaker then addresses the multitude of lovers of his young subject, those who loved her quaint elegance, however momentary, as time has transformed that as well; the alliteration of “glad” and “grace” emphasizes this verse (Yeats). Her lovers also are said to have loved her beauty, though with a love that was “false or true” (Yeats). This verse questions the authenticity of a love that can be based solely on aesthetic beauty.

Beginning in verse 7, the speaker interjects himself into the poem as the man who loved the subject’s “pilgrim soul” (Yeats). While others may have loved her for her momentary beauty and grace, the speaker loved her for the permanent depths of her soul; “pilgrim” suggests wandering, perhaps insinuating that the subject drifted from the speaker. This interpretation would be particularly applicable to the reality of Yeats’ love for Gonne.

The contrast between momentary and permanence suggests that the speaker’s love, unlike that of the other lovers, is not fleeting. Moreover, while others’ love wanes at the sight of her aging beauty, the speaker loves even the “sorrows” of her “changing face” (Yeats). It is sorrowful to the other lovers that she is aging because they are loosing her beauty, but the speaker’s love is not determinant on her beauty. Amidst a slew of feigning lovers, the speaker is but the “one man” who ever loved her soul; this is the difference, suggests the poem, between true love and mere infatuation.

In verse 9, the subject of the poem is once again viewed through the lens of old age. The speaker revisits her elder self be the fire. The fire is an important symbol of mortality, kindling and burning before being extinguished. In line 10, the subject is depicted yearning after a love that has fled, the love of the speaker. However, since the speaker has been interjected into the poem, we can sense that he is still with her, albeit without her recognition of his presence.

We know the love that has fled the subject is that of the speaker, because love is capitalized as a singular noun, and the speaker is the only person who loved her (determined from line 7). We can see that though his love had gone unrequited, in her old age, she has come to recognize him as her only love.

The poem concludes with the subject imagining the speaker’s face hidden amid a “crowd of stars” (Yeats). The crowd of stars can be interpreted as all the subject’s former lovers who dazzled her and distracted her from the love of the speaker. The speaker was obstructed from the subject’s view in her youth, and now left alone to die in her old age, she realizes that she has overlooked her only love. She perceives the speaker, and the time of her youth when their love held potential, as unattainable as the stars.

However, since the first verse begins with “when,” we know by context that at the time the poem was written, the subject and the speaker were both in their youth, and their love was still plausible. The purpose of this poem, if we are to believe that it is indeed autobiographical, was for Gonne to recognize Yeats as her only love before time transformed their lives and separated them forever. The poem has a somber urgent tone, perhaps as though Yeats already knew the fate of their love yet refuted its end.

With Valentine’s Day just around the corner, many women are pining after the archetypal romance in the manner of Shakespearean sonnets, that flattering comparison to a sweet summer’s day. No wonder, what with pop culture’s incessant bombardment telling you who to be (beautiful) and how to love (like a fairytale). However, Yeats’ subtle nuances depict a more profound kind of love. Perhaps if we can wean ourselves off the sensationalized hype of Western culture’s juvenile and stunted romantic notions, we can learn to recognize the subtleties of genuine love, a love that deepens with age and brings solace to mortality as is depicted in Yeats’ “When You Are Old.”

Works Cited
Academy of American Poets. “W.B. Yeats.” http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/117. 1997-2010.
Macfadyen, Matthew. “Matthew Macfadyen reads the poem ‘When You Are Old’ 1/3.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xg8FqPpJC4I. 10 June 2008.
Yeats, William Butler. Ed. Smith, Phillip. “100 Best-Loved Poems.” New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1995.

March Violets> Interpretation

In my interpretation of these song lyrics, March Violets is a reference to military combat personel. March could be interpreted as the march of soldiers; violets could be interpreted as the fragility of life; also, violets sounds like violence, i.e. the violence of war. Can you tell them apart? This could be addressing the overwhelming loss of our men and women who's death toll has risen to an imcomprehensible number; as a result we have become desensitized to its gravity. The reference to Ides of March is particularly suitable to this interpretation, as it was reserved for a military parade and celebrates the god Mars, god of war. Every day is the Ides of March: every day our military personel parade across the battle ground to the rythm of the war drum. Look on the blind side: rather than bright side, it implies being blind to the plague of war.

Media Technology, Part 2

With regards to media technology in the classroom, consider this quote: "New communications environments reset our sensory thresholds. Those in turn alter our outlooks and expectations." ~McLuhan, Marshall

Media Technology

I believe the implementation of media technology in the classroom is effective in its capacity to make written English relevant to a tech-savvy generation. I also understand its implementation as a means to bridge the generation gap between teacher and student. Through this course, I hope to gain technological literacy and to acquire the tools necessary to effectively implement media technology in a secondary education English curriculum.

Introduction

Hello, my name is Laura Devey. I am a graduating senior majoring in English Subject Matter and pursuing a career in public secondary education. My passion is to work with disadvantaged youth in intercity Los Angeles. Another passion of mine, however cliche, is traveling. This past summer I spent three weeks in Tokyo, Japan and Koh Samui, Koh Phangan, and Phuket, Thailand. This upcoming summer I will spend in Paris, Amsterdam, Prague, and Berlin. I have also been making yearly trips to visit family in the countryside of Birmingham, England, as I am a dual American-British citizen. In my spare time, which is hard to come by as a full-time student, I dabble in painting (acrylics) and creative writing (young adult literature). Kap Kun Ka!

Welcome!

“A quality education has the power to transform societies in a single generation, provide children with the protection they need from the hazards of poverty, labor exploitation and disease, and given them the knowledge, skills, and confidence to reach their full potential." ~Audrey Hepburn